Hearing Loss And The Absence Of Peripheral Vision

Partial hearing loss and the absence of peripheral vision were the disabilities assigned to me for assimilation of a person with a disability; so that investigation and research could expose my self-response to disability, expand communication capabilities, encounter the culture of disability, heighten awareness of occupational shifts along with learning about the accessibility of accommodating technology or support systems while discerning safety elements in my new context. In order to create a sense of being a person with disabilities, the facilitation of ear plugs were used for partial hearing loss, while glasses with index cards blocked my peripheral vision so that tunnel vision was exclusive. This assimilation was caused by a scenario involving trauma to the head after a hiking accident in the Sierra Nevadas. Upon injury, a detached retina compromised my peripheral vision with symptoms of bright flashes of light, shadow in part of my visual field, floaters in the eye, and o ccasional blurred vision (Medline, 2015). Hearing loss was also considerable due to a perforated eardrum (damage of ossicles behind the eardrums) with symptoms including: mumbled or blurred speech, trouble telling high pitched sounds from one another, difficulty with hearing in noisy places, certain sounds seemed too loud, and, lastly, difficulty following conversations when two or more people were talking ( Medline, 2014). While enacting as a person with acquired disabilities of partialShow MoreRelated wwII profile Essay1000 Words   |  4 Pagesnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Wedman’s first action was on the hills of Mt. Della in support of Company â€Å"B†. Wedman describes the movement down the slope and up the far side attempting to reach the crest of the mountain. â€Å"It was like I was wearing blinders, I had no peripheral vision I just kept moving.† said Wedman, â€Å"The sounds of gun shots and mortars pressured me to focus and continue up the mountain.† Dangerous as it sounds Wedman survived his first combat experience unscratched. After the action on Mt. Della, WedmanRead MoreDisability, Mental, Emotional, Cognitive, And Traumatic Disorders1828 Words   |  8 Pagesutilized principally to refer to vision and hearing impairment, but other senses can be hindered. Visual disabilities is a vision misfortune (of an individual) to such an extent as to qualify as an extra help require through a critical confinement of visual capacity coming about because of either infection, trauma, or inherent or degenerative conditions that can t be redressed by traditional means, for example, refractive remedy, prescription, or surgery. This loss of vision is ordinarily characterizedRead MoreAp Psychology Review Packet12425 Words   |  50 Pageskidneys and secrete hormones that help arouse the body in times of stress. 12.Algorithm:  a methodical, logical rule that guarantees solving a particular problem. 13.Alpha Waves:  the relatively slow brain waves of an awake, relaxed state. 14.Amnesia:  loss of memory. 15.Amphetamines:  drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes. 16.Amygdala:  two lima bean-sized neural clusters in the limbic system; linked to emotion. 17.Aphasia:  impairmentRead MoreCommunication Disorders7061 Words   |  29 PagesCOMMUNICATION DISORDERS What is Communication Disorder? †¢ a speech, language and hearing disorder which refers to problems in communication and in related areas such as oral motor function. †¢ The symptoms vary depending on the particular type of communication disorder, but they generally center around problems communicating. †¢ Children with communication disorders have deficits in their ability to exchange information with others. COMMUNICATION †¢ a multidimensional dynamic process thatRead MoreSports and Fitness Center3804 Words   |  16 PagesPersons - are those suffering from restriction of different abilities, as a result of a mental, physical or sensory impairment, to perform an activity in the manner or within the range considered normal for a human being; * Impairment - is any loss, diminution or aberration of psychological, physiological, or anatomical structure of function; * Disability –a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more psychological, physiological or anatomical function of an individualRead MoreSports and Fitness Center3819 Words   |  16 PagesPersons - are those suffering from restriction of different abilities, as a result of a mental, physical or sensory impairment, to perform an activity in the manner or within the range considered normal for a human being; * Impairment - is any loss, diminution or aberration of psychological, physiological, or anatomical structure of function; * Disability –a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more psychological, physiological or anatomical function of anRead MoreHuman Factors in Aviation8517 Words   |  35 PagesInformation on drugs and alcohol can be found in a) AWN 3 b)AWN 47 c) BCARs Answer:b 3. 70 - 80% of the total focusing ability of the eye is carried out by the a) iris b)lens c) cornea Answer:c 4. At what distance should a person without hearing difficulties be able to hear an average conversational voice in a quiet room a) 1 metre (3 feet) b)2 metres (6 feet) c) 3 metres (9 feet Answer:b 5. If you have been prescribed new medicine by your doctor you should a) continue with your normalRead MoreHealth Assessment Essay4586 Words   |  19 Pagesplants, or animals were reported. No change in skin color, pigmentation, nevi, or mole. No pruritus, rash, itching, lesions. No bruises present. Denies any changes in medication or its dosages. Patient is allergic to penicillin react rash. Hair, no loss (alopecia) or change in texture. No change in nails, their shape, color, brittleness. Patient denies chewing, biting nails. Patient denies environmental and occupational hazards, such as dyes, toxic chemicals, radiation. Patient reports caring forRead MoreNursing Care Plan Essay10501 Words   |  43 PagesInfectious Disease consults when necessary. He lives with his wife who he has been married to for 56 years. His son and his daughter come to visit him. He does not smoke. He wears dentures but did not bring them. He dose not use a hearing aid but he does have a hearing deficit. Pt. is able to do all his ADLs with limited assistance. He wants to get better and leave the HSP. Pt. Stated 90 days is to long to be here. Pt. States that he is concerned about caring for his tube site when he goesRead MoreNU 545 Unit 2 Essay10921 Words   |  44 Pageschronic donor site pain, postthoracotomy pain syndrome, post mastectomy pain syndrome, and joint arthroplasty pain. Neuropathic pain results from primary injury to the peripheral or central nervous system and is not the result of pain signaling from peripheral tissues or organs. Peripheral neuropathic pain is caused by peripheral nerve trauma, diabetic or alcohol abuse-induced neuropathy, carcinoma, nutritional deficiencies, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Central neuropathic pain is

Into the Wild Chris McCandless is a Tragic Hero Essay

Jon Krakauer, fascinated by a young man in April 1992 who hitchhiked to Alaska and lived alone in the wild for four months before his decomposed body was discovered, writes the story of Christopher McCandless, in his national bestseller: Into the Wild. McCandless was always a unique and intelligent boy who saw the world differently. Into the Wild explores all aspects of McCandless’s life in order to better understand the reason why a smart, social boy, from an upper class family would put himself in extraordinary peril by living off the land in the Alaskan Bush. McCandless represents the true tragic hero that Aristotle defined. Krakauer depicts McCandless as a tragic hero by detailing his unique and perhaps flawed views on society,†¦show more content†¦After graduating from Emory University in Atlanta, McCandless’s parents offered to buy him a new car as their graduation present. Contrasting what most teenagers would feel about this news, McCandless was sh ocked and offended, he â€Å"couldn’t believe they’d try and buy me a car† (21). McCandless did not believe in the idea of tangible gifts, he explained to his sister that â€Å"he would have to be real careful not to accept any gifts from them in the future because they will think they have bought [his] respect† (21). McCandless near insecurity of gifts, and his longing for a peaceful and moral world caused him to want to search for another life. After burning his wallet, giving all his remaining money to charity, and leaving his beloved car behind, McCandless abandoned his family and hitchhiked his way west as far as possible. These actions and ideas that McCandless developed while studying in college were only a blueprint for his tragic flaw, which would further establish itself while traveling alone in the West. While on the road and meeting people all over the country it becomes apparent that McCandless tragic flaw is in part to do with his love for simplistic beauty but also because of his fear of forming long-term relationships. Since leaving his old life, McCandless took the role of a vagabond, which he greatly enjoyed. One of the people he met on his adventure was an older man named Ron Franz. AsShow MoreRelatedChris McCandless is a Tragic Hero1005 Words   |  5 Pages In what could have been Chris McCandless’s last contact with humanity he tells his new comrade, Wayne Westerberg, â€Å"If this adventure proves fatal and you don’t hear from me again I want you to know you are a great man. I now walk into the wild† (Krakauer 3). For 112 days Chris lived off the harsh Alaskan land. For anyone who is brave enough to travel on the stampede trail and cross the treacherous Teklanika River you will come across the Fairbanks City Transit System Bus 142. Once a backcountryRead MoreInto the Wild: Chris McCandless is a Coward1193 Words   |  5 Pageswhether an individual is to be considered a hero or a coward lies in their death. The difference is the impact, and the impact differs for a hero than a coward. When a hero dies, the magnitude of the impact on society is greater as society reflects on all the positive achievements that have been accomplished. Their death is more of a rebirth of a soul, the rebirth of hope. However, a coward dies many times before their actual death. The mistakes and tragic falls are considered to be these multipleRead MoreInto The Wild By Chris Mccandless1157 Words   |  5 PagesInto the Wild details the events that lead to the death of the pretentious Chris McCandless. An overconfident vagabond, McCandless causes his own death. Krakauer does his best to turn McCandless into a sympathetic, relatable figure, by appealing to the reader’s logic and emotion, but ultimately fails. By exploring McCandless’ personality and background, Krakauer makes an appeal to logos. From the very start, Krakauer states â€Å"Alaska has long been a magnet for dreamers and misfits†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (4). Is McCandlessRead MoreInto The Wild By Chris Mccandless1989 Words   |  8 PagesIn April of 1992, a young man of the age of twenty-four, later determined to be Chris McCandless body, was discovered in an old Fairbanks bus in the Alaskan bush. Four years after his death, Jon Krakauer wrote a novel titled Into The Wild, the book traced McCandless s journey around much of the United States, across the West side of Canada, and even down to the boarder of Mexico. Over the many years since his death, speculations have arisen about how death was brought upon him. Most believe starvationRead MoreInto The Wild By Jon Krakauer1642 Words   |  7 PagesChristopher McCandless may be one of the most intriguing characters in nonfiction literature. In Into The Wild by Jon Krakauer, C hris McCandless gives up all of his worldly possessions in order to move to Alaska and travel alone into the wilderness. Chris seemed to lead a very privileged life, as he came from a fairly well off family. Chris was intelligent, having graduated from Emory University with a degree in anthropology and history. There is much ambiguity as to why Chris suddenly decides

Levendary Cafe for the China Challenge Case Study- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theLevendary Cafe for the China Challenge Case Study Analysis. Answer: The advantages and disadvantages of standardization of operations of multinational enterprises offering a brand in multiple international locations Globalization has impacted the international business widely, as the business activities have witnessed an acceleration across the national boundaries. As a result of globalization, the development on a side of the globe affects another side at the same time (Shenkar, Luo Chi 2015). The multinational organizations (MNEs) start their global business with the knowledge advantage of the home country. Although, the knowledge of the home country provides different advantages. The standardized components are usually associated with the home knowledge activities. The subsidiaries might be operating in emerging markets with lower cost resources and at the same time, they cooperate with subsidiaries located in knowledge-intensive markets through standardization (Meyer, Mudambi Narula 2011). A Significant imbalance exists between the global and local literature of international business (Cheng 2007). The homogeneity of the markets allows for standardized strategies. Standardization is the process of applying the standards of the domestic market, including the tangible and intangible attributes in the foreign markets. The standardization supporters assume that the greater marketing incentives, communication technology and the increasing global rivalry have resulted in standardization. They also assume that standardization has advantages represented in the attractiveness of it as a global marketing strategy for many global companies. According to Haron (2016), it results in economies of scale, uniform global image, knowledge transfer and easier control, as follows: Economies of scale: Companies are allowed to obtain a competitive edge, business significance over the nationally oriented competitors. The mass production of the standardized product results in cost reduction and higher profits. Uniform global image: As product dynamics are constant, advertising and services are introduced in the same way regardless of the market of destination, a uniform global image is represented. Knowledge transfer: experience is likely to transfer from one international market to another as a result of cooperation and integration of the marketing activities. Easier control: As the same product and marketing strategies are used across international markets, standardization facilitates monitoring, coordination and Quality standards are easier to be implemented, production methods and brand awareness. On the other side, the opponents of standardization argue that it leads to lower sales and revenues when the product and its marketing strategy are inconsistent with the environment of the foreign country. The disadvantages could be discussed according to Haron (2016), as follows: Governmental and trade restrictions: the legal framework in the host country might limit the product standardization through imposing a local tariff, promotional rules and The marketing infrastructure: The nature of the marketing infrastructure differs according to the level of economic development. This is likely to work against the standardized strategy. The differences between the customers' interests, preferences and The variations in the competitive conditions between the world countries. The qualities of Louis Chen that led to success in the Chinese market Louis Chen has the management qualifications that enabled him to earn the confidence of the CEO Leventhal and the key stakeholders of Levendary Caf. He is energetic and have an entrepreneurial spirit that enabled him to establish a strong position in the market to franchise outlets throughout the Chinese market. Chen has adopted the localization strategy to be able to connect with the younger generation in China that represent the future. Also, he made many changes in the menu in general and it was also differentiated among the several locations within the Chinese market (Bartlett Han 2013). The national diversity is very important as it is related to the variation of skills due to different nationalities. According to Watson et al. (1993), as cited in Haas Nuesch (2012), the project team with national diversity are likely to outperform the homogenous teams in the long run. Chen could expand in 23 locations in Beijing and Shanghai. The first location in Pudong was established according to Levendary's design standards and the menu as well, but the other locations witnessed wide changes (Bartlett Han 2013). The multinational business requires a manager who can be the main responsible for setting the goals of the team, directions, teamwork organization and support to fulfill the business goals (Hajro 2010). Chen as an experienced manager could manage the team in China, he could manage the business with full freedom before the Foster time as CEO. CEO Mia Fosters ability to effectively train an international manager The multinational teams could be evaluated in a negative way according to their nationality. They might be considered as less job-related based on the social identity theory. The development of the skills of the international manager determines the team performance. Conflicts occur between the members of different subgroups that affect the decision-making process in the main group and negatively affect the team outputs (Haas Nuesch 2012; Kraus et al. 2017). This is the case between Foster the CEO and Chen the manager of the Chinese operations. As she has faced many difficulties in running the business in China due to Chen resistance to change. They had completely difference views of the best way to run the business (Bartlett Han 2013). In order to effectively train an international manager, Foster could act according to McDonnell et al. (2010) and Cerimagic Smith (2011), as follows: Continuously identify the main positions that contribute significantly in the business and the areas of development. Training and development of a talent pool of the high-performing leaders to fill these positions. Development of a differentiated human resource management to facilitate the learning process and enhance the skills of the managers to be able to lead these positions. A preparation training including induction programs relevant to the foreign country should be provided to the international manager. Mangers should consider the importance of such training programs that should be dynamic and up to date. The quality of the provided training should be revised regularly and matched to the skills required to fill the position of international managers. Strategies that Mia Foster could implement to develop a highly effective multinational team The multinational teams share some characteristics and differ in others due to cultural diversity. The multicultural teams are likely to bring different perspectives based on their culture with respect to work procedures, decision making and norms. Most of the multicultural teams could only meet virtually through computer-mediated communication tools rather than face to face meetings due to the geographical distance. Foster needs to hire multicultural, highly skilled and well-trained leaders with special characteristics to be able to influence the followers' attitudes and master the global environment. This leader should be able to communicate with the entire team and helps in creating shared meanings and trust among the team members (Lisak Erez 2015). Also, providing the suitable training to the team members is likely to result in better communication, enhanced learning and positive attitude towards colleagues and work (Mabey 2014). Moreover, the international business environment has to be dynamic and adaptive to changes. Foster has to implement managerial strategies to ensure that conflict in the workplace is prevented. The conflict is sourced from the nature of the operations of the international business organizations. They are affected by the political, social and economic environment of the host country. Their impact on the organization is mainly represented in the organizational culture, the perception of wage, opposition against ethnicity and inequality (Zorlu Hac?oglu 2012). The role in which global headquarters should play in managing the operations of a foreign subsidiary The headquarters are units responsible for performing managerial and administrative tasks, they are usually separated in location from the other production units of the organization. They are the units that have the power of decision making, they decide the nature of the organization, the breadth of geographical operations and the nature of the decisions they take. The separation of headquarters from other facilities is symbolic. They exist in order to add value to the organization beyond the value added by the other business units. It is responsible for achieving the economies of scale and raising capital through the managerial functions. It also deals with corporate governance issues concerning the rights of the shareholders and the legal obligations to manage the organizational activities and the corporate finance. The headquarters are responsible for attracting and pooling the various financial resources. Bloom Grant (2011) argues that a shared service model could be employed by the headquarters to provide services to other organizational units, including human resources, finance and marketing. Moreover, as senior executive work in a common location, communication becomes easier and taking collective decisions is facilitated. On contrary to these suggestions, the larger organizations might have multiple management centers and multiple headquarters. The CEO and the direct reporters are usually based in one location. The other headquarters vary in the functions they do, the size, geographic location and the relations that take place among the headquarters (Bloom Grant 2011). The multinational corporations are described as a semi-autonomous of units responsible for controlling different resources. The subsidiary-headquarters involve mixed motive relationships as both of the two sides try to optimize their own interests and contribute to the organizational efficiency as a whole at the same time. Accordingly, headquarters manage the organizational resources of the subsidiary units and attract ideas and strategic insights from them in return. The organizational strategic thinking is usually dominated by the thoughts of the subsidiaries. The most important thing to the subsidiaries is to take independent strategic decisions and to gain bargaining power over other players (Ambos Birkinshaw 2010). The level of decision-making autonomy the management of a foreign subsidiary should be given in strategic and operational level functions The headquarters allow the subsidiaries to make strategic choices in order to acquire specific knowledge of the host country. Subsidiaries could negotiate the strategic choices with limitations. It could not be ignored that the subsidiaries benefit from the headquarters attention. The strategic configuration reflects the ability of the subsidiary to attract resources from the host country that decides the degree of autonomy from the headquarters. The strategic configuration results in the variations among the headquarters. According to Ambos Birkinshaw (2010), the subsidiaries have three strategic characteristics. The first is autonomy that accounts for the decision-making hierarchy. The second is the inter-unit power that reflects the degree of relatedness of the subsidiary to the other units in the MNC. Third, the subsidiary initiatives and roles to achieve the entrepreneurial actions. Although the three factors usually work together, sometimes they work in contradictory direction s that result in the strategic choice that determinate the subsidiary role in the MNC. In fact, subsidiaries strive to get a high level of strategic choice to perform in the local market. Many researchers as Chandler (1991), Rugman and Verbeke (2001) and Bouquet and Birkinshaw (2008) as cited in Ambos Birkinshaw (2010) argued that there is a role of "attention" that describes the relationship between the subsidiaries and the headquarters as the latest would like to identify and apply new ideas. The case of Levendary Caf reveals that Foster's attention to the China subsidiary has resulted in changing the accounting system from the Chinese accepted format in the U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). The system adopted by Chen has contradicted the caf chain main strategy of the accounting system. Chen also conducted the adaptation strategy to match the local market needs which resulted in conflicting issues with the CEO that judged him as managing the subsidiary with complete autonomy (Bartlett Han 2013). Examples and evaluation of the foreign subsidiary which was supported by direct global headquarters involvement and a foreign subsidiary which had more freedom and minimal global headquarters intervention. An example of the direct global headquarters, involvement could be the increasing attention of the global companies devoted to their operations in India and China as they are highly interested in expanding their business in the emerging markets. The degree of involvement in the subsidiary business has exceeded the follow up of financial investments to become a daily follow up to the top management in these markets. Cisco has moved its headquarter to India as the market is growing and becoming more important over the last years. Despite this, the headquarter attention did not introduce opportunities to the subsidiaries as the standardized strategy adopted by them were implemented on a global basis that mismatched the local market needs (Bloom Grant 2011; Werner 2002). In contrast, YouTube video service is a subsidiary of Google, but its strategies and operations have the full autonomy even though it is owned by Google (Casini 2014). Another example is from China, as it has no law on franchising which allowed the foreign companies to establish many outlets as the chain restaurants. They are either operated by the headquarters or sold to master franchisers that usually comes from Taiwan (Schlevogt 2000). For the subsidiaries, this decision represented a chance for more autonomy to be able to use their bargaining power. I believe that the second approach of giving more autonomy to the subsidiaries is more beneficial to the MNC as it allows for future expansions and presence in the local market by adapting the local market requirements. References Ambos, T Birkinshaw, J 2010, 'Headquarters attention and its effect on subsidiary performance', Manag Int Rev, vol 50, pp. 449469. Bartlett, C Han, A 2013, 'Levendary Caf: The China Challenge ', Harvard Business School Publishing Brief Cases, USA. Bloom, M Grant, M 2011, 'Valuing headquarters (HQs): Analysis of the role, value and benefit of HQs in global value chains', The Conference Board of Canada, Canada. Casini, B 2014, 'Headquarters-subsidiaries relationship: Scholz Friends case', Libera University International, Italy. Cerimagic, S Smith, J 2011, 'Screening and selecting project managers for the Middle East', University of Salford, UK. Cheng, J 2007, 'Critical issues in international management research: An agenda for future advancement', European J. International Management, vol 1, no. 1/2, pp. 23-38. Haas, H Nuesch, S 2012, 'Are multinational teams more successful?', The International Journal of Human Resource Management, vol 23, no. 15, pp. 31053113. Hajro, A 2010, 'An analysis of core-competences of successful multinational team leaders', International Journal of Cross-Cultural Management, vol 10, no. 2, pp. 175194. Haron, A 2016, 'Standardized versus localized strategy: The role of cultural patterns in society on consumption and market research', Journal of Accounting Marketing, vol 5, no. 1, pp. 1-4. Kraus, S, Niemand, T, Besler, M, Stieg, P Martinez-Ciment, C 2017, 'The influence of leadership styles on the internationalization of born-global firms and traditionally global-expanding firms', European J. International Management, pp. 1-21. Lisak, A Erez, M 2015, 'Leadership emergence in multicultural teams: The power of global characteristics', Journal of World Business, vol 3, no. 14, pp. 3-14. Mabey, C 2014, Developing effective managers and leaders, Heriot-Watt University, UK. McDonnell, A, Lamare, R, Gunnigle, P Lavelle, J 2010, 'Developing tomorrows leadersEvidence of global talent management in multinational enterprises', Journal of World Business, vol 45, pp. 150160. Meyer, K, Mudambi, R Narula, R 2011, 'Multinational enterprises and local contexts: The opportunities and challenges of multiple embeddedness', Journal of Management Studies, vol 48, no. 2, pp. 235-252. Schlevogt, K 2000, 'Doing business in China: Investing and managing in China-how to dance with the Dragon', Thunderbird International Business Review, vol 42, no. 2, pp. 201-226. Shenkar, O, Luo, Y Chi, T 2015, International business, Taylor Francis, New York. Werner, S 2002, 'Recent developments in international management research: A review of 20 top management journals', Journal of Management, vol 28, no. 3, pp. 277305. Zorlu, K Hac?oglu, U 2012, 'The conflict issue in international business and the global leadership', International Conference on Leadership, Technology and Innovation Management, vol 41, pp. 100 107.

Our Changing Society Essay Sample free essay sample

As the universe moves towards a highly-technological hereafter. the people face assorted alterations in the universe we live in. These people encounter important promotions that greatly affect their lives. their perspective towards the universe. and the manner they interact with other people. This includes group interactions which are normally done to better interpersonal dealingss of people from assorted Fieldss and walks of life. Nowadays. these group interactions are non done merely in a face-to-face mode ; they can besides be conducted with computing machine mediation. Through engineering. the context of interpersonal communicating and interaction has been changed through clip. There are several pros and cons when it comes to this affair. With computing machine mediation. people from longer distances can interact with one another. Communication is illimitable. and no geographic boundary can maintain groups of people from interacting. The cyberspace and other agencies of decreasing these communicating barriers have come in ready to hand when it comes to these affairs. We will write a custom essay sample on Our Changing Society Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Wireless fidelity has set the people free of cords or wires that limit them from freely traveling while discoursing. These technological promotions have besides changed the society’s position on how communicating and interaction with these groups are to be done. However. there are some jobs with this alteration in our society. Ethical issues can be one of these jobs. as some people can freely voice out anything through these computing machine mediated group interactions. There are besides some who chose to respond to the full if they are standing face to face with another individual. Again. it still depends on the state of affairs. or the individual affected. on how they will respond to this.Change is truly inevitable. and it has been a planetary tendency. As our society continues to alter. we. the people populating in these societies are expected to alter every bit good. It is a natural reaction to go wary of these alterations. but in the terminal. we all have to cover with it. Change is the lone lasting thing in this universe.